Socioautobiography - 1571 Words

ï ¿ ½PAGE ï ¿ ½ A Slice of My Life Chamberlain College of Nursing SOCS 185 ï ¿ ½ A slice of My Life The older I grow the more everything begins to come together in relation to the type of person I am today, and how the choices my family and I have made have shaped and become the definition of this thing I call life. I have a pretty good idea about who I am as a person, but after all the discussions we hold in class, I was starting to become curious about the kind of person I am in the eyes of our society. C. Wright Mills philosophy will light the way for me in finding out how each of my social influences have effected me in either a positive or a negative way. In this assignment I will attempt to investigate the interconnections between my†¦show more content†¦What is a Cheerleader? A cheerleader is a confident, positive, and a helpful individual when it comes to community service. Being a cheerleader has taught me leadership qualities and that has not only helped me in the sport but also in school, work, and my self-esteem. They typical STEREOTYPE of a cheerleader is that they are mean, unfriendly, and stupid. When it came to my senior year I was given the name if Captain of the cheer team. I have set a level of BUREAUCRACY within the team and set rules and goals for the team to achieve and follow. At this time in my life I was help to a higher STATUS and given more responsibility. These girls started out as a SECONDARY GROUP when we first started out on the team together, but after years of being with one another everyday three hours a day- we quickly became like family. This transition from SECONDARY GROUP to a PRIMARY GROUP was the best thing to happen to me, I had a team of sisters. Our COALITION had a common goal, which was to bring excitement to our fans at footballs games, and bring championships home to our school at competitions. (TCO 4, 6, 8) During high school mostly everyone is in his or her ANTICIPATORY SOCIALIZATION process, we are taking this time to learn out foundations in order to be prepared for our future roles as college students. (TCO 4) Some of us will pursue engineering jobs, lawyers, doctors,Show MoreRelatedSociological Concepts Essay728 Words   |  3 PagesSOCS 185 Week 5 Socioautobiography Assignment Information and Rubric Below are guidelines to follow as you work on your socioautobiography assignment: * Papers should be in APA format, with a title page. * Papers should contain 3-4 pages of text, double-spaced (this does not include the title page). * Refer to at least six sociological concepts covered in the lectures or textbook reading. Highlight these concepts in boldface. * Connect your concepts to the TCOs. Indicate the

Taking a Look at Hotel Rwanda - 600 Words

The UN is to blame due to them being the ones that are suppose to keep peace between everyone. They ineffectively did their job which in the end ultimately contributed to this mass genocide. They could of just got in between the â€Å"fight† earlier on and it may not of erupted into the genocide that it turned out to be in the end. To start out with the only reason they got involved is because the amount of calls they received from the Tutsis, they did not even initiate themselves to come help the Tutsis. This is viewed as such a bad thing that they did due to them obviously not being all together and apart of the same group because they did not even go to help Rwanda when they claimed that they would be the ones to help keep peace between everyone. It took a long time for the UN to actually step in, this is inferred through the movie and the 100 days that the genocide lasted, just think if the UN would of stepped in earlier, maybe it would of only lasted 25 days. The UN also had a short response to all callers and did not get back to them in an effective timely manner. Also in reality the UN should have been ready for the genocide to occur even if they did not know that one would occur. If they had been ready to stop the genocide they would have been involved with the genocide and helping to prevent it since the very beginning. With this being said another thing is sadder; the whole world was aware of the genocide but did not react appropriately at all, this includes the UN.Show MoreRelatedThe Documentary Ghost Of Rwanda 987 Words   |  4 PagesThe documentary â€Å"Ghost in Rwanda† illustrates the devastation of the 1994 Genocide where approximately eight hundred thousand Rwandans were exterminated by their own government. The genocide was a result of ongoing conflicts between the Hutu, the ethnic majority in Rwanda, and the Tutsi the ethnic minority. 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When women do enter the workforce, they areRead MoreUnited Arab of Emirates Country Notebook18844 Words   |  76 Pagesnot from the Gulf States to take care of cleaning duties. 2- Dynamics of the Family a- Parental Roles: The husband s authority is declining, while the wife is gaining importance as a mother and the manager of the domestic Family affaires. Taking care of the family and raising children is the main job for Emirati women. Only 6% of Emirati women are in the workforce, meaning their main concentration lies at home with children and extended family. When women do enter the workforce, they areRead MoreSociology of Tourism - Pro Poor Tourism6314 Words   |  26 Pagesat 8% – this was surely an industry with great potential to drive economic growth, foreign investment and job creation, hence the requirement for a singularly focused Ministry.† Favourable political weather is always a draw card. 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Impact of Mental Health Issues

Question: Write an essay about the impact of mental health issues. Answer: The essay concerns with the case study of John that highlights the impact of mental health issues. John is identified with first episode psychosis. The essay deals with this subject due to increasing incidences of drug induced psychosis in Australia. There is a bout of literature available on impact of living in a culture of substance abuse. Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders are highly represented in category of adolescent addiction and psychosis. It is necessary to understand the factors responsible for drug dependency and induce of psychosis. The essay aims to highlight the significance of thorough biopsychosocial assessment in the field of mental health treatment. In the context of this case study, the paper aims to analyze and discuss the biopsychosocial factors that contributed to Johns mental health issue. A thorough literature review will be performed to identify appropriate nursing care management for john and relevant interventions. Psychotic disorders at young age can derail an individuals vocational, social and academic development (Murray et al., 2013). It initiates a trajectory of accumulating disability. According to Roncero et al., (2013) amphetamines and marijuana leads to permanent depression. These substances are responsible for self-talking behavior, hostile nature, hallucinations, cognitive distortion etc. It is evident from the study by Degenhardt Hall, (2012), who believes that excess dependency on alcohol and drugs induces psychosis and these results are supported by West Australian Department of Health. Family members of such individuals face unique challenges such as irrational behaviors, hyperactivity, unwanted conflicts, and aggression and communication difficulties (Waldock et al., 2015). The same is evident in the case of John. The primary concern of Johns parents was his behavioral changes, poor performance in academics, self talking, aggression and violence. According to Wunderink et al., (2015), the development of psychosis is due to psychological and social stressors. This is conceptualized by the stressvulnerability model. Therefore there is a need of a thorough biopsychosocial assessment of John. It includes assessing Johns mental state, biological, psychological and social factors adding to the vulnerabilities and stress (Moe et al., 2013). In case of John, the Biopsychosocial model will help to understand the addiction better. According to the case study, Johns biological father had schizophrenia. It is evident that Johns psychological issues had biological origin. His father was also abusive to his mother and him. According to Haddad et al., (2014), psychosis is induced by complex inter play of biological, psychological and social factors. There can never be a specific reason that explains the cause of psychosis. Biological factors refer to the genetic origin behind development of psychological issues such as aggression, self-talking, hyperactivity, hallucinating and others. Study by Medhus et al., (2013) reveals that Schizophrenia contains a genetic component and is confirmed by conducting research on twin babies. Children of parent with history of psychological issues eventually tend to develop similar behaviors due to biological changes (Medhus et al., 2013). The Psychological factors concerns with thoughts, feelings and behaviors. Recently, John has been observed to show aggressive behavior, hampered communication, or performance in education, attention deficit. He is highly addicted to alcohol, smoking and marijuana since the age of 15 years. Children are very sensitive during their early life. At the age of eight he experienced violence and abuse in his house. It greatly influenced his mind, which was manifested in his adolescence. As a child he travelled and changed schools therefore, he could never make close friends. John stopped participating in school activities and in making friends. He enjoyed being lonely. However, in the past he was a fun loving and joyful boy and excelled in his academics. Murray et al., (2013) highlighted the distinct relation between drug dependency and mental health issues such as depression, hallucination, personality and anxiety disorders. This relation is deduced based on psychoanalysis and social learn ing theories. According to the neuropsychiatric study by Wunderink et al., (2015), an individual repeats a particular action if he/she receives a powerful reward. Such experiences urge them repeat the actions. The addictive behavior is understood based on several aspects such as the environmental factors, the rituals, thoughts and feelings of John involved. He realized no negative consequences as he attempted to smoke or use drugs initially, which reinforced his power to satisfy his urge. Johns addiction was mainly due to his friends. He was growing up in a culture of addiction. Eventually he was addicted to alcohol, marijuana and smoking. Medhus et al., (2013) explained that social factors representfamily influences, friends and other relationships. It is evident from the case study of John that his environment has great impact on his mental condition. The social factors for drug addiction were identified, were based on social system theories, family system theory, cultural and anthropological theories may be used to examine the social factors involved in addiction (Degenhardt Hall, 2012). Degenhardt et al., (2012) analysed that developing an addiction is an interpersonal process and is determined by relationship with other members in the society. The fact can be justified by the reports of LAbate, (2014) which reveals that ever since smoking in public places was declared illegal in Singapore and was subjected to taxation there was decline in smoking activity among people. Conclusively, availability adds to vulnerability. Therefore, it can be concluded drug induced psychosis in John was a cumulative effect of various factors. John needs a multi-disciplinary approach to understand the addiction related problems to address the identified issues. In the initial stage of counseling, John will require confrontation of his addiction. Nurses can motivate him to accept the adverse consequences of drug dependency. It will prevent his denial about presence of psychotic symptoms due to addiction. John can avail contingency management therapy. In this system, patients receive prizes in form of food, movie tickets, where in turn the client will have to adhere to therapeutic process. Such funds may attract clients to resist craving (LAbate, 2014). In the initial stage John will have to undergo Motivational Engagement Theraphy (MET), where clients receive motivational sessions for period of one month to accumulate courage to quit addiction. John may require this session for longer period as he has multiple addictions - smoking, alcohol abuse, amphetamines and marijuana dependency. The counselor motivates and inspires them through successful stories or videos to instill positivity in them (Lea et al., 2015). Based on the literature review, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a powerful approach to minimize the symptoms of first episode psychosis. This psychosocial intervention is found to reduce hallucination (Galante et al., 2015). Therefore, it will benefit John. It includes sessions of verbal questioning, to modulate the belief system of the Patient. It is followed by experimental reality testing performed in community or psychiatric wards. Using this approach for John is justified as the studies of Carter, (2015) revealed that CBT influenced patients positively. Treatment process of John must include family intervention. Care and affection from close and dear ones help overcome insecurities and adhere to medication process (Carter, 2015). John requires person centered therapy. Developed in 1961 by Rogers, it showed significant influence after implementing in psychiatric nursing (Videbeck, 2013). It incorporates in its service the concept of person-to-person care, unconditional acceptance, warmth and non-judgementalism. It includes techniques such as summarizing, paraphrasing and reflecting. (Smith Grant, 2016) believes that the feeling of acceptance have a positive influence on the patients. John needs community-based therapy. This approach is based on Maxwell Joness eminent work in the area of Psychosis (Moe et al., 2013). It includes treating patients in informal community atmosphere. This approach will address Johns psychological issues as he will be undergo social learning, information sharing and decision-making and at the same time patients respect and dignity is maintained. Bramness et al., (2012) contends that these therapies positively influence patients with drug-induced psychosis. The approach incorporates positive elements in its services to patients such as love, empathy, friendship, partnership, acceptance and other supportive factors. There is no specific outline for treatment of First episode psychosis. Therefore, nurses in mental health practice must apply the above strategies while balancing them as per the changing condition of John. The psychotherapeutic interventions are successful when the nurses in care is registered and qualified with high level of psychotherapeutic training and teaching (Galante et al., 2015). However, John is receiving intervention at early stage where his condition has not turned chronic or schizophrenic. Therefore, he has high chance of being recovered. According to Haddad et al., (2014), mental health nurse must be skilled in handling tense situation caused by distress patient and should be able to give them reassurance. They must behave assessing the strength and weakness of such patients. They must be aware of behavioral and personal life issues of patients (Videbeck, 2013). Recently, mental disorders such as schizophrenia among adolescents have generated widespread international momentum. In response to this, the US National Institute of Mental Health has introduced the funding initiative, which promotes the development of better services for patients experiencing first episode psychosis (Moe et al., 2013). Evidence based therapies are included in the intervention process for functional and clinical recovery (Medhus et al., 2013). It offers a real hope inspite of the several complexities in the patient. Based on a thorough literature review it can be concluded that early intervention services for mental health issues faced by John may improve his symptoms and the adaptive functioning may be restored. The treatment for psychosis was successful due to continued effort of Society of Addiction Medicine, Association of Medical Education and Research on Substance Abuse and other (Bressington White, 2015). Intervention is planned in a way that the patient is completely detached from addiction with no sign of relapse. However, John being only 18 years old and keeping in mind his high level of multiple addiction there is a high chance of relapse. Therefore, twelve-step therapy would be best suitable for him. It includes AA and NA and other repetitive stages to overcome relapse (Niemi-Pynttri et al., 2013). Meeting ethical standards is mandatory to provide psychosocial interventions, which safely matches with the clients interests. Mental health professional are required to comply with the codes of conduct such as: the NSW Psychologists Registration Board Code of Professional Conduct, and Australian Psychosocial Association Code of Conduct and Society Code of Ethics. It is essential to maintain the confidentiality of all clients records and counseling sessions to provide service users with the constructive environment and encourage disclosure from them. These records and reports should neither be exploited for any commercial purpose nor disclosed to any third party without any written consent from the client and follow the guidelines in NSW Health Privacy Manual (Larimer, 2013). Medical information must be provided to the clients adequately. Recently, in California, patients have taken legal actions for providing incorrect information regarding relapse. It may happen with John as well. Similarly, every stage of intervention may include risks and benefits, which should be clearly stated to the clients (Lea et al., 2015). Mental disorders like schizophrenia are fatal and serious in nature and mainly emerge during adolescence and early adulthood. The consequences of addiction (smoking, alcohol abuse, marijuana ad amphtamines) is highly disruptive in nature. There is an increasing attention towards treatment of young individuals experiencing psychosis. Currently, there are several intervention programs available for meeting the needs of young people and their families. Early intervention not only involves bringing forth the best practice based on the symptoms recognized in the early stage, rather it also includes special care in identifying the biological, psychological and social challenges that exaggerated a particular mental health issue. Nurses play a great role in treatment of patients with psychosis. The thorough literature review has enhanced my knowledge related to substance abuse and Schizophrenia. There are parents who are not aware of consequences of neglecting early psychological symptoms an d hence care is delayed exaggerating the vulnerability. Annes initiative helped John to receive early intervention while he was experiencing first episode of psychosis. References Bloomfield, M. A., Morgan, C. J., Egerton, A., Kapur, S., Curran, H. V., Howes, O. D. (2014). Dopaminergic function in cannabis users and its relationship to cannabis-induced psychotic symptoms.Biological psychiatry,75(6), 470-478. Bramness, J. G., Gundersen, . H., Guterstam, J., Rognli, E. B., Konstenius, M., Lberg, E. M., ... Franck, J. (2012). Amphetamine-induced psychosis-a separate diagnostic entity or primary psychosis triggered in the vulnerable?.BMC psychiatry,12(1), 221. Bressington, D., White, J. (2015). Recovery from psychosis: physical health, antipsychotic medication and the daily dilemmas for mental health nurses.Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing,22(7), 549-557. Bressington, D., White, J. (2015). Recovery from psychosis: physical health, antipsychotic medication and the daily dilemmas for mental health nurses.Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing,22(7), 549-557. Carter, R. (2015). Delivering cognitive behaviour therapy in a secure setting: Richard Carter describes the development of a link nurse role aimed at increasing patient access to interventions, and outlines its core functions.Mental Health Practice,19(3), 23-26. Carter, R. (2015). Delivering cognitive behaviour therapy in a secure setting: Richard Carter describes the development of a link nurse role aimed at increasing patient access to interventions, and outlines its core functions.Mental Health Practice,19(3), 23-26. Degenhardt, L., Hall, W. (2012). Extent of illicit drug use and dependence, and their contribution to the global burden of disease.The Lancet,379(9810), 55-70. Galante, L., French, C., Grace, K. B. (2015). Nursing Perspectives in Managing Patients with Substance Abuse. InSubstance Abuse(pp. 229-248). Springer New York. Gray, R., Deane, K. (2016). What is it like to take antipsychotic medication? A qualitative study of patients with first episode psychosis.Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing,23(2), 108-115. Haddad, P. M., Brain, C., Scott, J. (2014). Nonadherence with antipsychotic medication in schizophrenia: challenges and management strategies.Patient Relat Outcome Meas,5, 43-62. Larimer, M. (2013). Preventing alcohol abuse in college students: A harm-reduction approach.Alcohol problems among adolescents: Current directions in prevention research, 147. LAbate, L. (2014). in the Delivery of Mental Health Services in Prevention, Psychotherapy, and Rehabilitation.Using Workbooks in Mental Health: Resources in Prevention, Psychotherapy, and Rehabilitation for Clinicians and Researchers. Lea, T., Bryant, J., Ellard, J., Howard, J., Treloar, C. (2015). Young people at risk of transitioning to injecting drug use in Sydney, Australia: social disadvantage and other correlates of higher levels of exposure to injecting.Health social care in the community,23(2), 200-207. Medhus, S., Mordal, J., Holm, B., Mrland, J., Bramness, J. G. (2013). A comparison of symptoms and drug use between patients with methamphetamine associated psychoses and patients diagnosed with schizophrenia in two acute psychiatric wards.Psychiatry research,206(1), 17-21. Moe, C., Kvig, E. I., Brinchmann, B., Brinchmann, B. S. (2013). Working behind the scenes An ethical view of mental health nursing and first-episode psychosis.Nursing ethics,20(5), 517-527. Murray, R. M., Paparelli, A., Morrison, P. D., Marconi, A., Di Forti, M. (2013). What can we learn about schizophrenia from studying the human model, drug induced psychosis?.American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics,162(7), 661-670. Niemi-Pynttri, J. A., Sund, R., Putkonen, H., Vorma, H., Wahlbeck, K., Pirkola, S. P. (2013). Substance-induced psychoses converting into schizophrenia: a register-based study of 18,478 Finnish inpatient cases.The Journal of clinical psychiatry,74(1), 1-478. Roncero, C., Daigre, C., Gonzalvo, B., Valero, S., Castells, X., Grau-Lopez, L., ... Casas, M. (2013). Risk factors for cocaine-induced psychosis in cocaine-dependent patients.European Psychiatry,28(3), 141-146. Smith, S., Grant, A. (2016). The corporate construction of psychosis and the rise of the psychosocial paradigm: Emerging implications for mental health nurse education.Nurse Education Today,39, 22-25. Stuart, G. W. (2014).Principles and practice of psychiatric nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences. Videbeck, S. (2013).Psychiatric-mental health nursing. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Waldock, H., Owen, S., Brennan, G., Lovell, K., Kendal, S., Rogers, P., ... Jones, J. (2015). Working with specific issues and concerns.Oxford Handbook of Mental Health Nursing, 79. Wunderink, L., Nieboer, R., Nienhuis, F., Sytema, S., Wiersma, D. (2015, March). Long-term outcome following early dose-reduction of antipsychotics in remitted first episode psychosis. InSCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN(Vol. 41, pp. S196-S196). GREAT.

Guest Tek Interactive Entertainment Ltd †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Guest Tek Interactive Entertainment Ltd. Answer: Introduction The Hotel Futuras management did the adoption of a plan for doing the utilization of the sunny indoor section of the lobby. This is being done for being considered as a service point in respect of morning as well as afternoon teas. Each tea service is operating for 2 hours only, i.e. 10:00am 12:00pm and 2:30pm 4:30pm. The room service kitchen does the preparation of the sandwiches and delivers them to the pass in the pastry section of the main production kitchen. The two food service attendants do the ordering as well as collecting of food orders for this outlet from the pastry section pass in the main production kitchen. The management of Hotel Futura did the adoption of a plan for utilizing a sunny indoor area of the lobby as a service point in respect of morning as well as afternoon teas. The area will be serving 250 customers per week and there will be the allocation of two existing food servive attendants in respect of 2.5 hours regarding each period o service. There will be the requirement of hiring one food service attendant for ensuring that the operation will be commencing seven days a week. Each tea service will be operating for 2 hours. The low tables that exist as well as the comfortable lobby style seating will be getting used. There can occur the utilization of a set of service fridges in the front kicthen regarding the storage as well as service of chilled alcoholic as well as non-alcohoic beverages. The aim of the operational plan is to do the installation of a full espresso coffee service station in the designated as well as doing the utilization of the existing coffee facilities inside the busy 24 hour coffee shop outlet, located 30 metres diagonally across the foyer. SWOT analysis of the business environment The strength of Hotel Futura is associated with what it does best, whch includes the serving of tasty food in its restaurant, providing quality service or providing dcor that give customers a memorable experience. The weakness that is associated with the hotel is not providing sufficient staff training regarding the wait staff, such as showcasing in what ways they should be attending to tables or explaining to culinary personnel in what ways the preparation as well as presentation of food should be done (Singal 2015). The opportunities will include finding ways that will support the restaurant to do the increasing of profits, like expanding or providing varied kinds of foods as well as beverages. Also, doing the utilization of a sunny indoor section of the lobby as a service point in respect of morning as well as afternoon teas. This will be fitting all the legal requirements in relation to the process regarding the serving of food. The legal requirements include registering the business name, trademark as well as domian name and also registering the business regarding taxes. The other competing restaurants that are located within the close vicinity of Hotel Futura might be representing a threat to the business of the hotel, particularly when similar kinds of food are being sold. Another threat could be consisting of the potential rising price regarding specific food items (Marane 2013). Detailed overview of the resource requirements Technology Technology is required to be used by Hotel Futura for the functioning of certain type of customer relationship management system. Also, the hotel will be using mobile tablets as well as smart phones for fiiting their strategic vision as well as operational processes. Human Resources needs There is the requirement of selecting effcient housekeepers, wait staffs, chefs or bartenders for improving the hospitality functioning within the hotel. This can be done by the human resource department through proper recruitment functions. The human resource department can also assist in the process of retaining the employees at the hotel by proposing various jncentive options (Patiar 2015). Financial requirements There is requirement for doing the prediction of the organizational costs and keeping a track of the financial resources. Also, to undertake the cash flow statements, as well as regarding cash management and capital expenditures budget (Hemdi 2014). Requirements for intellectual property rights The requirements for the intellectual property rights regarding Hotel Futura is to do the prevention of unauthorized third parties to get benefitted from that right. This will help in strengthening the competitiveness of Hotel Futura (Tracey 2015). The different stages associated with the contingency plan in respect of the operational planning stages are, Analying the risk There is the requirement for listing out every possible events that will be disrupting the operations. Determining the likelihood and impact of risks There is the possibility for coming up with a huge list of potential impacts, but certain events wil be so improbable that it might not be reasonable to do their inclusion within the plan (Warrick 2015). Developing and processing each item To do disaster recovery, or stages associated with te safeguarding of individuals as well as property during certain incident. Also, steps for keeping the business functional when an event is getting addressed. The overall timeframe required to implement the project will be nine weeks. In the first week , there will occur the preliminary market analysis. In the second, third and fourh week, there will occur the development of the preliminary product designs. In the fifth week, there will occur the development of detailed market plans. In the fifth and sixth week, there will occur the deevelopment of the detailed product design. In the seventh week, there will occur the finalizing of the product design. In the seventh and eight week, there will occur the ordering of production equipment. In the ninth week, there will occur The consultation requirements and provisions Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 A Doing preliminary market analysis B Developing preliminary product designs C Developing detailed market plans D Developing detailed product design E Finalizing product design F Ordering production equipment G Installing production equipment Figure 1 Gantt Chart (Source: Created by Author) Evaluation methods for measuring the performance Feedback Receiving proper feedback will be helping in the improvement of the operational plan. Monitor Constant monitoring is very effective to do the measurement of changes induced by implementation of the appropriate operational plan (Noordzy 2015). Key Performance Indicator The key performance indicators will assist Hotel Futura in defining as well as measuring the development toward the operational plan. The key performance indicators will be having three measurement horizons such as monitoring investment, monitoring adoption as well as monitoring health (Van Der Wagen 2015). The different options that have been researched in respect of the coffee machine will be including the aspect of finding the resource requirements that will be including the technological requirements, human resource requirements, finanicial requirements as well as requirements for intellectual property rights. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that will be influencing the operational plan has also been found out. Morever, the timeframes required for implementing the project as well as the evaluation methods to measure the performance has been found out as well (Mutindi 2013). Overview of the Standard Operating Procedures Planning The various steps need to be found out that are currently done for completing the project of implementing this operation with staff. First Draft There the requirement for making a detailed list of the stages in the order in which they will be done. Internal Review Input should be received from all the staffs who will now be performing the process. They should be provided with the first draft and the procedure should be revised as per the requirement. External Review There can occur the involvement of the technial advisors and the procedure should get revised as per requirement. Testing The procedure should get tested by doing every step as it is stated and the procedure should get revised as per requirement. Posting A final draft will be made regarding the process and posted in the workplace. Training Training or re-training of the staffs will be done as per the requirement for following the procedure in an exact manner (Hsiao 2018). Job description for the role of food service attendant Communicating verbally with guests Filling the request of guests regarding food and beverages in a timely, effective as well as polite way. Gaining working knowledge of Standard Operating Procedures requireed for the performance of job functions. Ensuring quality relating to finished food product Monitoring as well as maintainig portion control (Hodari 2017). The workplace is comprising of operational procedures that will be including the kitchen operation, front-office, tourism, events, food and beverage, rooms division or administration. There is the requirement for monitoring, analyzing as well as reviewing the operational procedure that will be including the reviewing of the complaints from the customers about prolonged waiting prriods in respect of check-ins, prolonged waiting periods for food in the restaurant, as well as frequent errors in reconciliations at the end of the shift in front office. Listing of the Standard Procedures Planning The various steps need to be found out that are currently done for completing the project of implementing this operation with staff. First Draft There the requirement for making a detailed list of the stages in the order in which they will be done. Internal Review Input should be received from all the staffs who will now be performing the process. They should be provided with the first draft and the procedure should be revised as per the requirement. External Review There can occur the involvement of the technial advisors and the procedure should get revised as per requirement. Testing The procedure should get tested by doing every step as it is stated and the procedure should get revised as per requirement (McDonald 2016). Posting A final draft will be made regarding the process and posted in the workplace. Training Training or re-training of the staffs will be done as per the requirement for following the procedure in an exact manner. The findings will be associated with the process of observing as well as improving the existing procedures or to do the identification of the new processes for improving the operations. This will be including the workflow processes, cost effectiveness relating to products as well as services, issues relating to customer services, procedures relating to check-in and check-out, staff effectiveness as well as training requirements (El Haddad 2015). Certain issues were identified that were the reasons for shortfall during task observation. These are the issues relating to customer services as well as issues relating to staff effectiveness as well as training requirements. The customer service issues are relating to poor response to information request, lack of communication, repeated complaints regarding the same food items (Farzan 2015). The issues relating to staff effectiveness as well as training requirements will be including inefficient training of staffs regarding skills related with client servicing, underdevelopment as well as limited using of disciplinary processes, not reviewing the processes relating to the recruitment as well as selection. In respect of issues relating to customer services, certain strategies could be implemented for overcoming the shortfalls that have been identified such as retraining staffs as to how to provide responses to the requests of the customers, setting procedures for reducing the wait-time, training staffs in communication skills so that they can communicate in an effective manner with the customers. In respect of issues relating to staff effectiveness as well as training requirements, the strategies that will be implemented will be including the process of ensuring that the staffs are having a knowledge of the products as well as services, teamwork will be encouraged and rewards should be provided to the better performing staffs (Tang 2015). Potential cost factors for the suggested procedure In respect of the physical resources, Planning the use of physical resources Obtaining physical resources Ensuring the availability of physical resources Monitorin the use of physical resources In respect of the human resources, Planning the use of human resources Obtaining human resources Ensuring the availability of human resources Monitorin the use of human resources According to me, the strategies that have been implemented regarding the operation plan are considerd being very much viable because this will help in overcoming the issues relating to staff effectiveness as well as training requirements and also, the issues relating to customer services. The different cost factors have been cited in this regard. I do not think, there would be a more cost effective option. Conclusion To conclude, it can be stated that there has been the development of an organizational plan, then there has been the outlining of the processes as well as procedures that will be used for planning as well as managing the required physical as well as human resources. There has been the observation of operational procedure that have been related with the workflow processes. Then there has been the development of the strategies that has been implemented to overcome the shortfalls that have been identified. Reference El Haddad, R., 2015. Exploration of revenue management practicescase of an upscale budget hotel chain.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,27(8), pp.1791-1813. Farzan, F., Vaghefi, S.A., Mahani, K., Jafari, M.A. and Gong, J., 2015. Operational planning for multi-building portfolio in an uncertain energy market.Energy and Buildings,103, pp.271-283. Hemdi, M.A., Hafiz, M., Mahat, F. and Othman, N.Z., 2014. Organizational citizenship behaviors of hotel employees: The role of discretionary human resource practices and psychological contract.Theory and Practice in Hospitality and Tourism Research, p.71. Hodari, D., Turner, M.J. and Sturman, M.C., 2017. How hotel owner-operator goal congruence and GM autonomy influence hotel performance.International Journal of Hospitality Management,61, pp.119-128. Hsiao, T.Y., Chuang, C.M. and Huang, L., 2018. The contents, determinants, and strategic procedure for implementing suitable green activities in star hotels.International Journal of Hospitality Management,69, pp.1-13. Marane, B. and Omer, Z.A.A., 2013. Evaluation of hotel performance based on financial management, marketing and operations and management practices issues: Case study on Erbil international hotel.Evaluation,5(20). McDonald, M. and Wilson, H., 2016.Marketing Plans: How to prepare them, how to profit from them. John Wiley Sons. Mutindi, U.J.M., Namusonge, G.S. and Obwogi, J., 2013. Effects of strategic management drivers on organizational performance: a survey of the hotel industry in Kenyan coast. Noordzy, G. and Whitfield, R., 2015. Project Management of New Hotel Openings. InEducational Strategies for the Next Generation Leaders in Hotel Management(pp. 140-163). IGI Global. Patiar, A. and Mia, L., 2015. Drivers of Hotel Departments' Performance: Evidence From Australia.Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality Tourism,14(3), pp.316-337. Prayag, G. and Hosany, S., 2015. Human resource development in the hotel industry of Mauritius: myth or reality?.Current Issues in Tourism,18(3), pp.249-266. Singal, M., 2015. How is the hospitality and tourism industry different? An empirical test of some structural characteristics.International Journal of Hospitality Management,47, pp.116-119. Tang, C.M.F., King, B.E. and Kulendran, N., 2015. Estimating future room occupancy fluctuations to optimize hotel revenues.Journal of Travel Tourism Marketing,32(7), pp.870-885. Tracey, J.B., 2015. Hospitality HR and Big Data: Highlights from the 2015 Roundtable. Van der Wagen, L. and Goonetilleke, A., 2015.Hospitality Management, Strategy and Operations. Pearson Higher Education AU. Warrick, P.S., Levy, A., Carriere, L.M., Ziebart, D.T., Kullos, J.A., Fontes, D. and MacMillan, A.T., Guest Tek Interactive Entertainment Ltd., 2015.Custom-tailored entertainment experience for user identified by different loyalty program user identifiers at different hospitality locations. U.S. Patent 9,038,112.

The Concept Of Collaborative Working Social Work Essay Essay Example

The Concept Of Collaborative Working Social Work Essay Essay Collaboration is a interprofessional procedure of communicating and determination devising that enables shared cognition and accomplishments in wellness attention suppliers to synergistically act upon the ways service user/patient attention and the broader community wellness services are provided ( Way et al, 2002 ) . The development of collaborative working will needfully imply close interprofessional working ( Wilson et al. , 2008 ) . Harmonizing to Wilson et Al, ( 2008 ) and Hughes, Hemmingway A ; Smith, ( 2005 ) interprofessional and collaborative working describes sing the service user in a holistic manner, and the benefits to the service user that different administrations, such as Social Workers ( SW ) , Occupational Therapists ( OT ) and District Nurse ( DN ) and other wellness professionals can convey working together can accomplish. These definitions describe collaborative working as the act of people working together toward common ends. Integrated working involves setin g the service user at the Centre of determination doing to run into their demands and better their lives ( Dept of Health, 2009 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on The Concept Of Collaborative Working Social Work Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Concept Of Collaborative Working Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Concept Of Collaborative Working Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This paper will concentrate first see why wellness attention pupils learn about working together so reexamining authorities policy and how this can be applied in a Social Care context, so on act uponing factors on the results of collaborative working mentions within the professional literature, and eventually, reexamining grounds on collaborative pattern in wellness and societal attention. Learning to work collaboratively with other professionals and bureaus is a clear outlook of societal worker in the prescribed course of study for the new Social Work Degree ( DoH 2002 ) . The grounds are field: a-? Service users want societal workers who can join forces efficaciously with others to obtain and provide services ( Audit Commission 2002 ) a-? Collaboration is cardinal in implementing schemes for effectual attention and protection of kids and of vulnerable adultsas underlined, severally, by the recent study of the Victoria Climbie Inquiry ( Crippling 2003 ) and the earlier No Secrets policies ( DoH 2000 ) a-? Effective coaction between staff at the front-line is besides a important ingredient in presenting the Government s broader ends of partnership between services ( Whittington 2003 ) . Experience is turning of what is involved in larning for collaborative pattern. This experience promises valuable information for Social Work Degree suppliers and others developing larning chances but has non been consistently researched in UK societal work programmes for a decennary ( Whittington 1992 ; Whittington et al 1994 ) . The suppliers of Diploma in Social Work programmes ( DipSW ) represented an untapped beginning of straight movable experience in this country of acquisition and were hence chosen as the focal point of the survey. Making collaborative pattern a world in establishments requires an apprehension of the indispensable elements, persistent and go oning attempts, and strict rating of results. Satisfaction, quality, and cost effectivity are indispensable factors on two dimensions: results for patient attention suppliers ; and results for patients. Ultimately, collaborative pattern can be recognized by demonstrated effectual communicating forms, accomplishment of enhanced patient attention results, and efficient and effectual support services in topographic point. If these standards are non met, collaborative pattern is a myth and non a world in your establishment. Simms LM, Dalston JW, Roberts PW. Collaborative pattern: myth or world? Hosp Health Serv Adm. 1984 Nov-Dec ; 29 ( 6 ) :36-48. PubMed PMID: 10268659. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed Health attention pupils are thought about coaction so that they can see the alone part that each professional can convey to the proviso of attention in a genuinely holistic manner. Learning about working together can assist forestall the development of negative stereotypes, which can populate interprofessional coaction. ( Tunstall-Pedoe et al 2003 ) Health attention pupils can associate theory they have leant with pattern and bring added value of successful collaborative pattern. ( www.facuity.londondeanery.ac.uk ) Learning collaborative pattern with other professionals is the nucleus outlook in societal work instruction both measure uping and station grad. Effective coaction and interaction can straight act upon a SU intervention, in a positive manner, and the antonym can be said about uneffective coaction that can hold terrible branchings, which has been cited in legion public enquiries. Professionals should besides portion information about SU s to maintain themselves and their co-workers safe from injury. Working together to safeguard kids states that developing on safeguarding kids and immature people should be embedded within a wider model of committedness to bury and multi-agency working at strategic and operational degrees underpinned by shared ends, be aftering procedures and values. The Children Act 1989 recognised that the designation and probe of kid maltreatment, together with the protection and support of victims and their households, requires multi-agency coaction. Caring for People ( DH, 1989 ) stated that successful coaction required a clear, common apprehension by every bureau of each others duties and powers, in order to do kick how and with whom coaction should be secured. It is apparent from the above that Government has been actively advancing collaborative working, and this is reflected in professional literature. Hence, the policy clime and legislative background were established to ease inter-agency and intra-agency coaction. The declared purpose has been to make high quality, needs-led, coordinated services that maximised pick for the service user ( Payne, 1995 ) . Political force per unit area in recent old ages has focused attending on interprofessional coaction in SW ( Pollard, Sellman A ; Senior, 2005 ) and when viewed as a good thing , it is worthwhile to critically analyze its benefits and drawbacks merely what is so good about it. ( Leathard, 2003 ) . Interprofessional coaction benefits the service user by the usage of complementary accomplishments, shared cognition, resources and possibility better occupation satisfaction. Soon after the new Labour authorities in 1997 gave a powerful new drift to the construct of coaction and partnership between wellness professionals and services, they recognised this and there was a overplus of societal policy enterprises official on collaborative working published. A clear indicant of this can be found in NHS Plan ( DH, 2000 ) , Modernizing the Social Services ( DH, 1998a ) . Policies concent rated on bureau constructions and better articulation working. This was nil new, since the 1970s there has been a turning accent on multiagency working. 1974 saw the first large imperativeness engagement in the decease of a kid ( Maria Coldwell ) and they questioned why professionals were non able to protect kids who they had identified as most at hazard. The pendulum of menace to kids so swung excessively much the other manner and the thresholds for intercessions were significantly lowered, which culminated with the Cleveland Inquiry of 1988 when kids were removed from their households when there was small concrete grounds of injury ( Butler-Sloss, 1988 ) , with excessively much accent put on the medical sentiment. An equilibrium was needed for a collaborative work moral principle to portion cognition and accomplishments and Munro ( 2010 ) provinces that other service bureaus can non and should non replace SWs, but there is a demand for bureaus to prosecute professionally about kid s, immature people and households on their caseloads. The Children Act 2004 ( Dept of Health, 2004 ) and associated authorities counsel, introduced following the Public Inquiry into the decease of Victoria Climbie in 2000, including Every Child Matters ( Dept of Health, 2003 ) , were written to emphasize the importance of interprofessional and multiagency working and to assist better it. The failure to join forces efficaciously was highlighted as one of many missed chances by the enquiry into the tragic decease of Victoria Climbie ( Laming, 2003 ) and Baby Peter ( Munro, 2009 ) . There is an premise that shared information is information understood jobs with information sharing and effectual commination are cited once more and once more in public question studies Rose and Barnes 2008 ; Brandon et Al, 2008 ) . These jobs can merely be approximately really practical issues, such as holds in information shearing, lost messages, names and references that are falsely recorded ( Crippling 2003 cited in Ten booby traps and how to avoid them 2010 ) An expressed purpose was to actuate the part of multiagency working. By 1997 Labour had been re elected and rolled out a figure of surveies into coaction. These surveies revealed the many complexnesss and obstructions to collaborative working ( Weinstein, 2003 ) . The chief drivers of the authorities s wellness and societal attention policies were partnership, coaction and multi-disciplinary working. One of the countries covered by Working Together to Safeguard Children 2010 ( Dept of Health, 2010 ) stated that administrations and bureaus should work together to recognize and pull off any person who presents a hazard of injury to kids. The Children Act 1989 ( Dept of Health, 1989 ) requires multi-agency coaction to assist indentify and look into any instances of kid maltreatment, and the protection and support of victims and their households. It should be remembered that everyone brings their piece of expertise/ cognition to assist construct the saber saw ( Working Together 2010 ) an d to measure the service user in a holistic manner. Although the virtues of coaction have seldom been disputed, the hazard of struggle between the professional groups remains. Some of the barriers to coaction are different resource allotment systems, different answerability constructions, professional tribalism, gait of alteration and disbursement restraints The disadvantages are if commissioning was led by wellness, an over-emphasis on wellness attention demands, and unfairnesss between patients from different patterns There are challenges in footings of professional and personal opposition to alter ; it is hard to alter entrenched attitudes even through inter-professional instruction. Sometimes professionals disagree about the causes of and the solutions to jobs, they may hold different aims because of different paradigms ( Pierson A ; M, 2010 ) . There are besides several concerns for SWs which include non cognizing which appraisals to utilize, looking to be different or work otherwise from others in the squad, non being taken earnestly or listened to by co-workers and non holding sufficient clip or resources because of budget restraints ( Warren, 2007 ) . Some of the logical thinking for this pessimistic temper is feelings of inequality and competitions, the comparative position and power of professionals, professional individuality and district. Different forms of answerability and discretion between professionals, are all lending factors to these feelings ( Hudson, 2002 ) . Thompson ( 2009 ) suggests that alternatively of the SW being viewed as the expert with all the replies to the jobs, they should step back and expression at what other professionals can lend. Collaborative working offers a manner frontward, in which the SW works with everyone involved with the clients ; carers, voluntary workers and other professional staff, to maximize the resources, therefore giving an chance for doing advancement and affording the service user the best possible attention. Weinstein, et Al, ( 2003 ) stated that although there are jobs with collaborative working, the possible positive results out-weight the negatives. There could be a more incorporate, seasonably and consistent response to the many complex homo jobs, fewer visits, better record maintaining and transportation of information, and some decrease of hazard ; therefore the whole is greater than the amount of the parts. If SWs work in silos , working in a vacuity, they are improbable to maximize their impact ( Brodie, 2008 ) . It is of import to utilize coaction and an interprofessional/multi bureau working civilization in Social Work in order that the most vulnerable service users receive the best possible appraisals of their demands. The advantages are better apprehension of the restraints of each bureau and system overall, shared information on local demands, decrease in duplicate of appraisals, better planning, avoiding the blame civilization when jobs occurred and accessing societal attention via wellness less stigmatising. Greater cognition of the SWs functions and duties by other wellness attention professionals will guarantee that the SWs function is non substituted in appraisal of the service users fortunes and demands ( Munro, 2010 ) . The Munro Report ( 2010 ) besides states that if everyone holds a piece of the saber saw a full image is impossible until every piece is put together. Working together to Safeguard Children states a multi-professional attack is required to guarantee coaction among all involved, which may include ambulance staff, A A ; E section staff, medical examiners officers, constabularies, GPs, wellness visitants, school nurses, community kids s nurses, accoucheuses, baby doctors, alleviant or terminal of life attention staff, mental wellness professionals, substance abuse workers, hospital mourning staff, voluntary bureaus, medical examiners, diagnosticians, forensic medical testers, local authorization kids s societal attention, YOTs, probation, schools, prison staff where a kid has died in detention and any others who may happen themselves with a part to do in single instances ( for illustration, fire combatants or faith leaders ) . In a survey by Carpenter et Al ( 2003 ) refering the impact on staff of supplying integrated attention in multi-disciplinary mental wellness squads in the North of England, the most positive consequences were found in countries where services were to the full integrated. There is much grounds to propose that coaction represents an ethical method of pattern where differences are respected, but used creatively to happen solutions to complex jobs. In kernel the service user should be cared for in a holistic attack and to accomplish this coaction is the reply. ( 1516 ) Professor Munro askes Some local countries have introduced societal work-led, multi-agency vicinity squads to assist inform best following stairss in regard of a kid or immature individual, including whether a formal kid protection intercession is needed. Do you believe this is utile? Do you hold grounds of it working good? What are the practical deductions of this attack? ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.communitycare.co.uk/Articles/2011/01/04/116046/munro-asks-frontline-workers-what-needs-to-change.htm )

Free Essays on Rosencrantz And Guildenstern

Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead, written in the 1960s by playwright Tom Stoppard, is a transformation of Shakespeare’s Hamlet. Stoppard effectively relocates Shakespeare’s play to the 1960s by reassessing and reevaluating the themes and characters of Hamlet and considering core values and attitudes of the 1960s- a time significantly different to that of Shakespeare. He relies on the audience’s already established knowledge of Hamlet and transforms a revenge tragedy into an Absurd drama, which shifts the focus from royalty to common man. Within Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead, Stoppard uses a play within a play to blur the line that defines reality, and in doing so creates confusion both onstage- with his characters, and offstage- with the audience. Using these techniques, Stoppard is able make a statement about his society, creating a play that reflected the attitudes and circumstances of the 1960s, therefore making it more relevant and relatable to t he audiences of that time. The transformation of a Shakespearean Revenge Tragedy into an Absurd Drama means a considerable change in structure from a well-structured and rigid format, into a chaotic and formless play. Stoppard deliberately alters the configuration of the play to create a confusing atmosphere, which creates the exact feeling of society in the 1960s- no definites or certainties to rely on. Language portrays meaning in both plays- the language of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead differs to that of Hamlet. Stoppard employs meaningless colloquial exchanges, such as Rosencrantz and Guildenstern’s question game, which strongly contrasts to Shakespearean elaborate and poetic verse, as seen throughout the play, especially in Hamlet’s soliloquies- â€Å"There is special providence in the fall of a sparrow.† This is thoughtful and philosophical. Stoppard’s use of language further extends the idea of purposelessness and insignificance. Stoppard bring... Free Essays on Rosencrantz And Guildenstern Free Essays on Rosencrantz And Guildenstern Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead, written in the 1960s by playwright Tom Stoppard, is a transformation of Shakespeare’s Hamlet. Stoppard effectively relocates Shakespeare’s play to the 1960s by reassessing and reevaluating the themes and characters of Hamlet and considering core values and attitudes of the 1960s- a time significantly different to that of Shakespeare. He relies on the audience’s already established knowledge of Hamlet and transforms a revenge tragedy into an Absurd drama, which shifts the focus from royalty to common man. Within Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead, Stoppard uses a play within a play to blur the line that defines reality, and in doing so creates confusion both onstage- with his characters, and offstage- with the audience. Using these techniques, Stoppard is able make a statement about his society, creating a play that reflected the attitudes and circumstances of the 1960s, therefore making it more relevant and relatable to t he audiences of that time. The transformation of a Shakespearean Revenge Tragedy into an Absurd Drama means a considerable change in structure from a well-structured and rigid format, into a chaotic and formless play. Stoppard deliberately alters the configuration of the play to create a confusing atmosphere, which creates the exact feeling of society in the 1960s- no definites or certainties to rely on. Language portrays meaning in both plays- the language of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead differs to that of Hamlet. Stoppard employs meaningless colloquial exchanges, such as Rosencrantz and Guildenstern’s question game, which strongly contrasts to Shakespearean elaborate and poetic verse, as seen throughout the play, especially in Hamlet’s soliloquies- â€Å"There is special providence in the fall of a sparrow.† This is thoughtful and philosophical. Stoppard’s use of language further extends the idea of purposelessness and insignificance. Stoppard bring...

Outline a framework for assessing the effectiveness of aid in Essay

Outline a framework for assessing the effectiveness of aid in promoting economic development in developing countries. Critically - Essay Example Thus, the difference between government enacted foreign aid programs and private, charitable, or volunteer groups donating money and services to development causes can be distinguished as two categories of international development aid: public policy and private charity. What is classified as â€Å"foreign aid† for example under public policy and is â€Å"given† to foreign States as part of a nation like Britain or America’s foreign policy might include military and economic aid together in a package that is intended to strengthen State structures of authority rather than indigenous community economic development. Private groups that seek to implement assistance programs independently of foreign States may have different obstacles and program criteria than the government aid assistance programs. Therefore, it is important to understand the difference between public and private development initiatives, and to analyze each on its own unique set of standards and req uirements relating to the way the issues are framed and the policies set into practice. Government aid programs to developing countries may be undertaken unilaterally, as many of the developed economic States such as Britain, the U.S., Japan, France, Finland, China, Denmark and other countries enact as part of their foreign policy. At the same time, these same countries may also engage in official assistance to international aid programs as part of the UN, EU, OAS, or NATO. This foreign aid is intended as economic assistance but donated in relation to the political goals of the nations involved. Historically, this would be considered the aid most easily lost to corruption, most likely to land in the Swiss bank accounts of despots, to be wasted, funneled into military and police repression tectics, and generally used to encourage a greater system of inequality in the foreign country by exacerbating the division of wealth in the society, or the inequality of capital distribution among its citizens. This type of foreign aid may lead to crony capitalism, dictatorships, banana republics, or proxy States that exist in opposition to their populations and actually deter economic and social development through the production of a corrupt and unequal society. These patterns typified foreign assistance aid to Africa in the 1970’s, Central and South America in the 1980’s, and Pakistan, Egypt, and other countries considered vital in the war on terror in the current paradigm. The characteristic of this type of aid is that it goes to a corrupt or undemocratic and non-transparent proxy State of the superpowers and the resources are used exclusively by the corrupt or crony class of insiders related to the local national party structure. This type of foreign development aid is generally the least effective and the least likely to actually â€Å"trickle down† to the communities represented by three billion of the world’s poorest, families who live on less than $1 per day, often lacking any type of clean water, sanitation, education, or electrical facilities. Yet, the government policy driven types of foreign development assistance may also take the form of â€Å"Peace Corps†

Needs Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Needs Assessment - Essay Example In order to effectively utilize modern technologies, user manuals become an essential part of business needs because it facilitates employees with certain information related to the proper process of utilization of technological features or applications. Consequently, through the gained learning from user manual related to the operational process of a technological application, employees could support and be beneficial to the organization to achieve the organizational goals through performing effectively or systematically. Moreover, satisfying employees through providing the primary requirements by the organization also becomes an essential need for the organization in order to increase commitment of the employees. Audience Audience in this particular circumstance is the employees. Employees play an effective role for the organization by helping and leading the organization to serve in the market with its products and services. With the consideration to this aspect, an organization s hould motivate its employees to perform better with the assigned tasks. In order to motivate its employees and maintain their work-life balance, the organization should implement new technologies i.e. ... fore starting the work assigned by the organization, employees should study the operational objectives of the organization in order to perform effectively. Situation Performing in accordance with the organizational requirements and considered or implemented modern technologies, the employees could face certain difficulties, i.e. lack of proper operational knowledge regarding usage of MS Office and office e-mail system. Lack of adequate knowledge related to the identified technologies refers to the situation in which employees are unfamiliar with proper functionalities of the undertaken technologies by the organization while serving and supporting the organization to achieve the objectives effectively. Furthermore, it is also observed from the interview that certain number of employees also face various problems regarding proper utilization of the applications because the employees have got a lack of information regarding the appropriate operation usage. Moreover, the problems can be identified as lack of knowledge regarding adaptability of the applications, frequent occurrence of errors while handling the applications and inadequate knowledge regarding the features of the applications. Goals Every organization has certain goals while operating in the market. The primary goals of organization are to assist the prevailing customers of the market by meeting their requirements through providing quality products and services along with maximizing the organizational profits. Furthermore, other fundamental goals of organization can be identified as facilitating usage of modern technology and innovative ideas in accordance with changing needs of globalization. The goals of organization are to provide facilities to the employees, such as insurance, better salary, and good

International environmental management and sustainability Assignment

International environmental management and sustainability - Assignment Example In order to secure the future of the planet, there is a need to cut down the carbon footprints. The steps should be taken individually and on the mass level to make a difference. There are many ways to cut down the carbon footprints; like consuming as less energy as possible, utilizing renewable methods to generate energy, limiting the cutting of forests and planting more trees, using alternate fuel in the vehicles that produce no or less green house gases or utilizing the electric vehicles or covering short distances by foot or through cycling. In this way, the environmental protection can be guaranteed and the future of the planet earth can be secured (Carbonfootprints.com, nd, np). Diagnostic Base-line I noticed that a larger amount of carbon emissions are produced by the vehicles and as the travelling all around the world is increasing, the amounts of carbon emissions are also increasing. In this way, I aimed to reduce my individual carbon footprints by utilizing cycle or cover t he short distances by foot. ... In order to reduce my travel carbon footprints, I made decision to never use car for such short distances, instead I use bicycle for such short distance or cover the distance by foot. However, utilizing bicycle is a better option as it covers distance fast. For this reason, I bought a bicycle. The price of the bicycle can be covered by the saving the cost of the fuel. Every year vehicles are the major contributor in making the carbon footprints amount larger. According to a survey in 2004, it is estimated that about a distance of averagely 2.6 trillion miles was covered by cars and light trucks. The distance is as long as about 10 million complete trips to the moon from the earth. The estimated amount of miles per gallon an average vehicle gives was about 19.6 mpg, which is improved to a much lower value. An average type of gasoline has a content of about 5.3 pounds of carbon in a gallon. In this way, utilizing a gallon of gasoline in our cars produces about 5.3 pounds of carbon. If the miles per gallon are estimated to 20 mpg for an average car, then for 20 miles a vehicles produces about 5.3 pounds of carbon footprints and thus for a distance of about 2.6 trillion miles, the carbon produces is about 0.689 trillion pounds. The individual production of carbon from travel is about 1.5 tonnes per year. In this way, if a major reduction is made in the travel carbon footprints, the atmospheric carbon footprint can be reduced to a certain lower level. (Science-news.org, 2008, np) Aims The major air is to reduce my total carbon footprints, which are about 5.89 tonnes per year. However, the major contribution is made by my travel carbon footprints, which are about 3.08

Analysis of Web Service Efficiency

Analysis of Web Service Efficiency Abstract Web service standards used nowadays are Extensible Markup Language based and the important technology in communication between heterogeneous applications are over Internet. Thereby selecting an efficient web services among numerous options satisfying client requirements has become a challenging and time consuming road block. The path for the optimal execution of all the user request is done using the Hidden Markov Model (HMM). The results have shown how our proposed methodology can help the user to select the most reliable web service available. Our analysis is about creating a cost effective servicing mechanism for web services, if effectively implemented this concept will reduce the need for network engineers in maintenance of web services. As a result of the parallelism technique used in this analysis significant reduction in RT and increase in composition speed has been observed. Keywords: Hidden Markov Model (HMM), Extensible Markup Language, Web Services, Service Quality Architecture (SQA)   1. Introduction In the Service Web the feedback of customers constitutes a substantial component of Web Service trustworthiness and reputation, this in turn affects the consumer service uptake in the future. All that we presents here is an approach to predict and assess the various reputations that are prevalent in the services oriented environment that is prevalent. All the web services enable computer-computer (c2c) communication in a heterogeneous environment, hence they are very suitable for an environment such as the internet. People can use the standardized web service model for rapid design, implement and extended applications. Many enterprises and corporations provide different web services to be more responsive and cost-effective. All activities that are composite services in nature may be defined by the graphs of control flow and the after coming data graphs. As a service provider, the foremost importance is for the bound(upper), the mean RT of a request given some request load and some architectural environment. Furthermore, this computation should be only performed before the actual deployment and usage of the service. In exceptional cases of service thats of composite nature this performance of the service depends on only the hypotheses about all the invoked service that are elementary in nature. Component approaches another very important benefit is reuse. In the web service definition language all the service that are of elementary nature are conceptually limited to relatively very simple features that can be only modeled by a collection of operations that co exist. Moreover, in due to the application kind its very much necessary to combine a set of all the web services into a single composite web servic e. All of the proposed methodology exploits is the ideas from the Software Architecture- and Component-based approaches to software design. The process of web service selection and discovery of system is essential to provide the clients with proper results and that fulfills their requirements. Its impossible for anybody to fulfill the task without considering all the ranking relations that exist between thousands of various available candidates that have similar functionalities. Thus, ranking is a fundamental process of a Web service selection system, as this integrates all the results thats gathered from previous stages and presents them to those requested. This paper is focused on the various ranking process by considering users SQA requirements. Hidden Markov Model (HMM) A Hidden Markov Model is very well related to the study of how likely or unlikely things are going to happen in the graphical model that is available and well suited in dealing with a sequence of data that are related. The very basic way of thinking this is that we have a set of states, but the road block is we wouldnt know the state directly (this is the reason that makes it hidden). Instead of this, we can only make a state, but we are not in position to tell the state of proceedings for sure. Addition to this is that there are changes (from one thing to another) that is in between states. Each of the change (from one thing to another) between the states is also called as a chance. Sometimes these are known, sometimes they are not known. These states are very flexible instrument that can be put to use not just for clarification purpose but also for (division of something to smaller parts) the purpose and even to create or see or hear things that arent there data. The property of ge nerative works by training a model on this data and then randomly creating chances of (instance of watching, noticing or making a statement) and change (from one thing to another). In this way, you can create data using a hidden markov model. 2.1 Definition Our model of HMM is defined by specifying the following variables: X = {x1, x2, , xn} = set of states Z ={z1, z2, , zm} = the output alphabet à Ã¢â€š ¬(i) = probability of being in state xi at time t = 0 A = transitional probability = {aij}, where aij= P r[entering state xj at time t + 1 | in state xiat time t]. Note that the probabilities of going from state i to state j doesnt depend on the previous states at earlier times. B = output probability ={bj(k)}, where bj(k) = P r[zk at time t | in state xj at time t]. For the purpose of giving an example, lets say that we have two biased coins, which we are ipping, and an observer is seeing the results of our coin ips (not which coin were ipping). In fact, suppose that what we are actually doing can be described by Figure1.Here, the states of the HMM are q1 and q2 (the coins), the output alphabet is fH; Tg, and the transition and output probabilities are as labeled. If we let(q1)=1and(q2) = 0 then the following is a example of a possible transition sequence and output sequence for the HMM in the following diagram. We can easily calculate probabilities for the following events. 1. The probability of the above transition sequence: Pr[x1x1x1x2x2x1x1]= à Ã¢â€š ¬(x1)a11a11a12a22a21a11à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€  0.025 The probability of the above output sequence given the above transition sequence: Pr[HHTTTTH]|(x1x1x1x2x2x1x1)] = 2/3,2/3,1/3,5/ 6,1/3 ,2/3 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€ 0.023 The probability of the above output sequenceandtheabovetransition sequence: Pr[(HHTTTTH)^(x1x1x1x2x2x1x1)] à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€  (0.025).(0.023) à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€  5.7 ÃÆ'- 10-4 2.2 HMM Applications Classification: speech recognition (time series), handwriting recognition (sequence of points), patterns and motifs in DNA (sequence of characters), analyzing video sequences. Modeling transitions: road snapping to work out which segment the user was most likely on (a sequence of points). Generation: text to speech (another time series application). Calculating the transition probability depends on the problem you are trying to address. In some cases (e.g. road snapping) you can compute it directly from the data. If you know the observation probabilities, then working out the transition probabilities is relatively easy (it comes down to finding the path that maximizes the observation probabilities and doing a count to get a measure of the transition probabilities). The most popular of all probability estimation approaches for HMM is the Baum-Welch algorithm, which allows the estimation of both observation and transition probabilities simultaneously. 3. Service Quality Architecture (SQA) The most important Service Quality Architecture that is used in this paper are RT, cost of execution, availability of space, all the reputation and the successful rate of execution. The RT can be defined in quite a few ways. For instance, RT can be stated as the time in between the sending of request and that of receiving the response. This is the period that involves all the receiving request of message time, QT(queuing time), ET(execution time) and receiving RT by the requester. Measuring these time sections is very difficult because they depend on network conditions. Alternatively, it can be measured as the time between receiving request by service provider and sending response to service requestor. This time it includes QT and ET only affected by the workload of the web service. This is the value that must be continuously updated in each and every web services because of the work load thats of changing nature and web service may change during the work time. Execution cost of this process is a fee received by the service provider from the service requestor during each and every execution. The fee for this is determined solely by the service provider and can change due to the web service providers financial policy at that moment. The availability is a very important degree, that is a web service is accessible and ready for immediate use at any given point. From service requester for each execution. This fee is determined by service provider and may change according to web service providers financial policy. Availability is the degree that a web service is accessible and ready for immediate use. 3.1 SQA Notations The Service Quality Architecture used in this paper is summarized in Table1: SQA Description RT It is the time between receiving and sending request EC Execution cost request Availability Up time Up time down time Reputation Repi Total no.of usage Successful ER No.of successful request Total no.of request Descriptions of notations used in this paper are as follow: m: number of tasks. n: number of candidate web services for each task. pi: i-th atomic process of a composition schema (1 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ ià ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ m). wsij: j-th candidate web service for the ith atomic process, (1 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ ià ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ m , 1 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ j à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ n). d: index of SQA . wd: weight of the d-th SQA constraint defined by a client. Cond:permissiblevalueofthe d-th SQA (constraints). Aggd: aggregated value of the d-th S Q A of a composition plan. bij: binary decision variable (0 or 1). If bij=1 then j-th candidate web service is selected for i-th process. 3.1 Aggregation Value of SQA Generally, composition plans are constituted from serial, cycle, XOR-parallel and AND-parallel execution patterns. According to the definition of SQA, the aggregative value of web service composition is calculated regarding to its workflow pattern. The description and aggregation values of workflow patterns are discussed below. For the negative criteria, all the values are scaled to equation 2. For positive criteria, all the values are scaled to equation 1. In our paper the values of n SQA attributes of a service S as a vector: Qs = (Qs1, Qs2, ,Qsn) are modeled and all the value of SQA requirement requested by a consumer are vector Qr = (Qr1, Qr2,Qrn) are considered. All the consumers preference values thus are set on SQA attribute that are each in a vector pr = (pr1,pr2,,prn)where pri[1,n].Thus if a consumer has no preferences over an attribute, n will be considered the default preference value for that specific parameter. Related Works The times of server for the database of composite nature Web services have been examined in full detail, this follows the fork-join execution model. The proposal of the author here is that while performing a join operation or execution, the servers with slow RTs will be eliminated to maximize the performance of the server. All the work here is the more orientation towards examination of the fork-join model thereby to understand the resulting merger of data from various servers. All the work in this domain regarding the performance of the Web services is more inclined towards the composite web services and their RT. When the execution of a composite service that have been examined as a fork-join model. Thus here in the model of the states that a single application in the Internet that invokes many different Web services that are in parallel and thereby gathers their responses and from all the launched services to return thereby, all the results to a client are not affected in general. The perfect explanation of the fork and the join system, that is under some hypothesis is to be found. This hypothesis states that the number of servers that is equal to 2, when the job arrival is in the Poisson process and that the task are in exponential service time distribution in general. The great scientist Nelson and Tantawi proposed that an approximation in the case where all the number of servers is much greater or equal to that of 2 and a homogeneous and exponential servers. After which, a more general case that is presented is where the arrival and service process are general in nature. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSQ, Interactive Evolutionary Computation(IEC),) and Differential evolution (DE) are the major 3 evolutionary algorithm that are on focus in this paper. When IEC is the suitable algorithm for discrete optimization (DO), PSO and DE that offer the continuous optimization are more natural. In this paper we give an introduction to all the 3 similar type of EA techniques to highlight all the common procedures of computation. The most common one we have is the observations in the similarities and differences among the 3 algorithms that are based on various computational steps that are discussed here contrasting to their basic performances. Overall the summary of the literatures discussed is given on the location allocation, flexibility in job shop, multimode resource project that have scheduling road blocks and vehicle routing constraints. 4.1 Average RT Calculation The average RT calculation is a measure of the time that an Enterprise Server consumes in order to return the result that is correct and needed. The RT gets affected by numerous factors such as the quantity of user, bandwidth of network thats available at that point of time, average think time of the server and the basic request type submitted to the server. Here in this section, the RT refers to the average or mean RT. Each and every type of the request has own minimal RT. Even though, when during the evaluation or the testing of the system performance, RT is based on the analysis of average RT of all the requests that is sent to the server. More faster the RT of web service, the more requests/min are being processed overall. However, as the number of users on the system rises, the RT starts to rise proportionally, all though the number of request/min decreases. The below mentioned graph of the system performance of all the server indicates that after a point, the requests/min are inversely proportional to RT. The more sharper the downfall in the requests/min, the steeper the increase in RT. The below mentioned figure clearly point at peak load which is when there quests/min starts to fall. Before this point, RT calculations are not precisely done and was not necessary because they do not use the peak numbers in the formula. But from now on, this point in the graph, the admin is more precisely calculated RT by using maximum number of users and requests/min. The formula used above is calculated using the below method and notations. Tresponse, thats the RT(in seconds) at peak load: Tresponse = n/r Tthink No.of con-current users is denoted by n No. of requests/sec that the server receives is denoted by r The avg think time (in sec) is denoted by Tthink The think time is always included in the equation to get a precise and accurate RT result. If n is max, then the system supports at peak load is6,500/second. r is at peak load, then the system can process at peak load is 2,770/second. The avg think time, Tthink, is 5 sec/request. Therefore RT is calculated by the following formula: Tresponse = n/r Tthink = (5000/ 1000) 3 sec. = 5 3 sec. Thus, the RT is 2 seconds. Application Server performances critical factors are RT, along with throughput. Everything after the systems RT is being calculated at the peak load. 5. Proposed Methodology Optimal web service composition plan that is a composition plans of this road block is very large (nm), is proposed in our paper that presents an approach to find and improve GA that are presented, it quickly converges all the appropriate composition plan. The Tabu search that is being used for generating the neighbor plans and are simulated annealing the heuristic that is applied for accepting or rejecting the neighbor plan. In this phase, all the services thats located after the users requirement will be deleted. Thereby, the remaining services that fulfill the user request. Now among these services, a service with the higher score will be selected. We have proposed the Tabu search and the simulated annealing (SA) that is a constrained satisfaction based approach. Yet, the approach has a high possibility of not completing the local optimum because it is unable to work on more than 1 composition plan simultaneously. We presented an approach in which genetic algorithm is used to find the optimal composition plan. The SA method applies progressive updates to the further generation and the selection of chromosomes to increment the speed of the algorithm performance. Thus, Self-orchestration explains all the Interaction between and within the services that itself orchestrates, before doing anything it actually does the execution. One of the primary languages for the defining self choreographies is the Web Service Choreography Description Language. When this is used partial initialization of chromosomes to escape all the local optimums in general. After all, this proposed method will works on a test sample of composition plans, which is on the contrary to the Tabu method. The different composition approaches that describes the different composition models is provided, which are self-orchestration, self-choreography, self-coordination and part of the component. Self-Orchestration is a description of how the services that participate in the composition of interaction at the message level, including the various order in which iterations that possibly should be executed as well as the business logic. Fig 1: Values of All Web Services and Tasks 5.1 Proposed Design The following diagram shows the activity functions. By using the database it will show all the relevant content to the user. And it tells about the flow of activity of each object. Activity diagram is another important diagram to describe dynamic aspects of the system. Its basically a flow chart that represent the flow from one activity to next activity. In this case the following diagram consist of Server, User, database, checking various query and Sub query. Each actor will perform certain function to achieve the desired goal. First a user enters into a system by providing correct user name and password. After this we will be able to type the query. A use case diagram in its simplest form is a representation of a users interaction with the all the system and depicting the various specifications of a use case. This should be noted that the process of filtering all the web services consists of functional match making and non-functional matchmaking as well. In functional matchmaking, all the web services that have different functionalities from the client are filtered out fully and on the other hand, in non- functional matchmaking, the web services that dont have the appropriate quality are only eliminated. At this stage, the candidate web services for each task are selected. Now the details of the user are fetched into the web agent memory or a temporary storage allocation site. Further the web agents analysis the various web applications in order to finalize the optimal web servers and the resulting information are displayed with user comments and reviews. Fig 2: Flowchart The below diagram tells about the different sequence we are following to make a user to view his related content. In this diagram contain different object like User, database, Validate, relevant and web access. And it tells about the flow of sequence between the objects. A sequence diagram is a kind of interaction diagram that shows how processes operate with one another and in what order. It is a construct of a Message Sequence Chart. The user inputs the login details and connects through we access which are then linked to the time and review request. Now, web agent analysis the various requests from the web applications and provides the information regarding the time and review and gives the possible details to the user. Fig 3: Sequence Diagram In recent years, the application of web-based systems in institutions and government agencies is increasing. Introduction of web services is an effective approach in business structures to provide the required capabilities of service providers for services composition. Selecting the precise user service based on the users request is primarily based upon the service quality of the available web services. Several different methods have been suggested to solve the road block of web services composition based on qualitative characteristics. These methods can be divided into two types of exact methods and approximate methods. The first type is known as non-innovative methods which selects the best design from all available designs by examining and calculating the candidates routes and thus provide a more precise answer. In the second type or innovative methods, contrary to the first type, an ideal design that is close to the best and most accurate answer will be chosen. The below mentioned graph that actually compares the various web services that are available in that field and displays its performance based on RT and user reviews that are given. Fig 4: Resulting Graph Due to the importance of optimal composition of web services in recent years, a lot of works have been done in the field of each method. By studying various types of innovative algorithm, one can conclude that many road blocks still exist to solve in web services composition based on qualitative characteristics. For instance, each of these methods usually have local optimality road block alone or in genetic algorithm that are non complex and basic, the crossover type and the operation of mutation acts randomly and without any guidance, which leads to degeneration of the method. Therefore, efforts to improve efficiency such as using combined methods, operators like revolution operator or adding functions to improve were performed. These techniques are provided for better speed, faster convergence, and higher efficiency in large spaces. Based on the mentioned studies, there is no specific benchmark tool for evaluating the algorithm. Although some researchers used different simulation environments or different data to compare them with each other, the results show that different methods have different disadvantages and they do not have any specific standard. Skyline algorithm method and parallelism technique are used in this proposed method in order to provide the best composition with regard to the shortest RT in high scalability. Conclusion For the purpose of retaining their client all the web services first priority is maintaining Service Quality. This paper pays attention to the RTs of composite Web service that plays a very important role in attaining service quality in web services.. We propose a heuristic model for predicting RT of web service and thereby selecting an optimal web service at the runtime from the list of functionally similar web services. For the purpose of the probabilistic instances of Web Services. We have used Hidden Markov Model. Our model has been made with the assumption of Web Services that is deployed on a cluster of web servers and thereby sometime the delayer crash during WS invocation happens which is because the bad node in sever clustering responds to request of the user. By using HMM where ever needed we have predicted the probabilistic nature and predicted the behavior of these web servers and then selected the Web Services based on their optimal probabilistic value. An approach is proposed to solve the Service Quality Architecture aware Web Service selection road block. To avoid this problem, an SQA based algorithm is presented that will reveal all selection leading to the results thats very close to optimal, efficient solution. 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